The battle eventually resulted in defeat for the Juárez Cartel, but not before taking the lives of between 5,000 and 12,000 people. During the early 2000s the Zetas were instrumental in the Gulf Cartel's domination of the drug trade in much of Mexico. The Mexican cartels acquire those firearms mainly in the southern states of Texas, Arizona and California. Over the course of his six-year term, he deployed tens of thousands of military personnel to supplement and, in many cases, replace local police forces he viewed as corrupt. Since Mexico launched a war on the cartels in 2006, the United States has provided it with billions of dollars in security and counternarcotics assistance. [403] However, as the Washington Office on Latin America has pointed out, in spite of fears that violence in Mexico would spill over the border into the United States, the U.S. southwest border region has remained calm and, in fact, is currently experiencing homicide rates lower than national averages. [47], While many factors have contributed to the escalating violence, security analysts in Mexico City trace the origins of the rising scourge to the unraveling of a longtime implicit arrangement between narcotics traffickers and governments controlled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which began to lose its grip on political power in the late 1980s.[48]. [341][342], The offices of Televisa and local newspapers have been bombed. Recent efforts have centered on the Merida Initiative; since Presidents George W. Bush and Calderon launched the partnership [PDF] in 2007, the United States has appropriated more than $3 billion for it. Los Zetas. The Mexican Drug War raged on througout 2010, claiming 8,528 more lives in 2010. Meanwhile, homicides have hovered around record levels. [127], More recently, researchers from the World Economic Forum have noted that despite the Mexican economy being ranked 31st out of 134 economies for investment in education (5.3% of its GDP), as of 2009, the nation's primary education system is only ranked 116th, thereby suggesting "that the problem is not how much but rather how resources are invested". [169], Following the December 2009 death of the cartel's leader Arturo Beltrán Leyva by Mexican Marines the cartel entered into an internal power struggle between Arturo's brother, Héctor Beltrán Leyva, and Arturo's top enforcer Edgar Valdez Villarreal. [54] More than 5,000 people were murdered in Mexico in 2008,[55] followed by 9,600 murders in 2009, 2010 was violent, with over 15,000 homicides across the country. There has been a complete and total loss of control by the government and the only response has been to increase army presence, notably an army whose officials are often on the drug cartels payroll. Nine human heads and 32 bodies found in Mexican cartel mass grave. The Mexican attorney general's office has claimed that 9 of 10 victims of the Mexican drug war are members of organized-crime groups,[294] although this figure has been questioned by other sources. In recent years, vigilante groups known as autodefensas have sought to fill in where security forces have failed to protect communities from criminal groups. Many of the more than 50 accused officials quit or fled. [363] The National Human Rights Commission of Mexico (Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos, CNDH) said that 11,000 migrants had been kidnapped in 6 months in 2010 by drug cartels. "[317], The drug control policies Mexico has adopted to prevent drug trafficking and to eliminate the power of the drug cartels have adversely affected the human rights situation in the country. [424], RAND studies released in the mid-1990s found that using drug user treatment to reduce drug consumption in the United States is seven times more cost effective than law enforcement efforts alone, and it could potentially cut consumption by a third. According to the U.S. State Department, the police and the military in Mexico were accused of committing serious human rights violations as they carried out government efforts to combat drug cartels. Mexico Set to Legalize Marijuana, Becoming World’s Largest Market. In May 2010 an NPR report collected allegations from dozens of sources, including U.S. and Mexican media, Mexican police officials, politicians, academics, and others, that Sinaloa Cartel had infiltrated and corrupted the Mexican federal government and the Mexican military by bribery and other means. During this time, drug cartels expanded their power and corruption, and anti-drug operations focused mainly on destroying marijuana and opium crops in mountainous regions. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market and in 2007 controlled 90% of the cocaine entering the United States. Enrique Pena Nieto (2012–2018). Religion and Foreign Policy Webinars/Conference Calls, most significant drug trafficking threats, technologically advanced, sophisticated, and violent, created dozens of smaller, more violent drug gangs. 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H., Siordia, O. S., & Lajous, A. M. (2018). [352] In September 2011, user NenaDLaredo of the website Nuevo Laredo Envivo was allegedly murdered by the Zetas. It is believed that Marrufo armed his gunmen with weapons purchased in the United States. Hundreds of peasants were arrested, tortured, and jailed, but no major drug traffickers were captured. 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